Court of Appeals Slip Opinions
Filed: 19 March 2025 Mandate: 8 April 2025 Zip File of Published Opinions Case Title / Description | |
Ayala v. Perry (24-251 - Published)
class action, motion to dismiss, personal jurisdiction, failure to state a claim, governmental immunity, substantial right, interlocutory appeal, jurisdiction, dismissed | |
In re: A.J.B. (24-702 - Published)
termination of parental rights; N.C.G.S. 7B-1104 compliance; subject-matter jurisdiction | |
In re: B.C. & I.C. (23-830 - Published)
abused and neglected juveniles; appropriate alternative child care arrangement; dependency adjudications vacated | |
State v. Earley (24-386 - Published)
attempted first degree murder; assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill inflicting serious injury; AWDWIKISI; error; plain error; grossly improper; closing argument; silence; shooting; handgun; Fifth Amendment; Miranda; prejudice; untimely objection; unpreserved error. | |
State v. Fuller (24-471 - Published)
Right to counsel; Right to be present in courtroom; substantially similar offenses; Identity Theft | |
State v. Johnson (24-816 - Published)
Anders brief; Prejudicial error; Written arguments; Record; Motion for substitute counsel; Self-representation; Admission of evidence; Speculation; Attorney fees; Notice; Opportunity to be heard. | |
State v. McGirt (24-551 - Published)
Right to counsel, waiver of counsel, N.C.G.S. § 15A-1242, advising defendants on range of punishments, forfeiture of counsel, repeated firing of counsel. | |
State v. Meadows (24-149 - Published)
Harbison violation; Ineffective Assistance of Counsel; Improper closing arguments. | |
State v. Miller (24-72 - Published)
courtroom closure; Waller; threaten witness; discharge firearm in city limits; overriding interest; reasonable alternatives; no broader than necessary; right to a public trial | |
State v. Parker (24-230 - Published)
Second Degree Murder; Aggravating factors; Possession of Firearm by a Felon; B1 Sentence; Comments on Silence; IAC Claims; Prejudice; | |
State v. Rowland (24-274 - Published)
motion to dismiss; keeping or maintaining a dwelling for the keeping or selling of controlled substances; N.C. Gen. Stat. Sec. 90-108(a)(7); substantial evidence to support the element of keeping or maintaining | |
State v. Wilson (24-442 - Published)
resentencing, prior record level | |
State v. Windseth (24-718 - Published)
Business-records declaration; evidence authentication; lay testimony; ineffective assistance of counsel; N.C.G.S. 8-97; N.C.R.E. 901; N.C.R.E. 803 | |
Weiss v. Cont'l Aerospace Techs., Inc. (24-701 - Published)
Product liability; Manual as separate product; pleading | |
Zhang v. Cary Acad. (24-744 - Published)
12(b)(6); Pro Se; Breach of Contract; Parental Bill of Rights; Aiding and Abetting; Tortious Interference with a Contract | |
Unpublished Opinions 19 March 2025 - Rule 30e - Zip File of Unpublished Opinions Mandate: 8 April 2025 | |
Beacon Pointe Owners Ass'n, Inc. v. Corrigan (24-294 - Unpublished)
notice of appeal, certificate of service, Rule 3, Rule 26 | |
Fehl v. Appalachian State Univ. (24-845 - Unpublished)
Office of Administrative Hearings; OAH; Administrative Law Judge; ALJ; interview; career-status employee; priority; back pay; salary range; de novo; whole record; arbitrary; capricious; whimsical; findings of fact; material facts; calculation; damages; abandoned on appeal | |
In re: A-A.H-T. (24-530 - Unpublished)
Disposition order; abuse, neglect, dependency; abuse of discretion; case plan requirements; steps towards reunification; remedying conditions that led to juvenile's adjudication; injurious living environment; medical abuse; best interests of the juvenile. | |
In re: B.M. & C.M. (24-728 - Unpublished)
termination of parental rights; neglected juvenile; legal guardianship; understand legal significance of appointment; abuse of discretion | |
In re: E.B. (24-705 - Unpublished)
juvenile code; best interests; guardianship; visitation; permanency planning; ineffective assistance of counsel | |
In re: J.F. (24-553 - Unpublished)
Award of custody to a non-parent; Permanency planning order; Required N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-906.2(d)(3) (2023) findings; Adequate Resources; | |
In re: R.X.F., G.T.F., D.R.F. (23-547 - Unpublished)
termination of parental rights, findings of fact, N.C.G.S. 7B-111(a)(1) | |
Muse v. Daimler Trucks N. Am. (23-1038 - Unpublished)
accident; industrial commission; discipline; workplace; inappropriate language; tort; findings of fact; conclusions of law; employee | |
Sherrill v. Simpson (23-667 - Unpublished)
public official immunity, negligence, summary judgment | |
State v. Bailey (24-324 - Unpublished)
Felony breaking or entering a motor vehicle; Felony larceny; Plain Error; Waiver; Confrontation Clause; Recorded Recollection | |
State v. Evans (24-774 - Unpublished)
Anders brief | |
State v. Hatcher (24-555 - Unpublished)
Trespass; Defense of Right; Ineffective Assistance of Counsel | |
State v. Jackson (24-421 - Unpublished)
First-degree murder; robbery with a dangerous weapon; admissibility of rap lyrics; relevancy; unfair prejudice; probative value; balancing test; Rule 401; Rule 403; closing argument; ex mero motu; evidence to the jury room over objection; no prejudicial error. | |
State v. Kempton (24-400 - Unpublished)
Voluntary manslaughter; motion to dismiss; de novo; perfect self-defense; substantial evidence; excessive force; severity of wounds on the victim; light most favorable to the State; waiver of objection to testimony; failure to object to similar testimony; no error. | |
State v. Lawrence (24-558 - Unpublished)
resentencing jurisdiction, N.C.G.S. 15A-1335 | |
State v. Mejia (24-216 - Unpublished)
Alford Plea; Petition for Writ of Certiorari; Clerical Errors; Remanded | |
State v. Murphy (24-182 - Unpublished)
Intentional child abuse causing serious injury; Assault with a deadly weapon inflicting serious injury ; Custodial interrogation | |
State v. Ollison (24-499 - Unpublished)
sua sponte, mistrial, curative instruction, prejudicial testimony | |
Townsend v. N.C. Dep't of Adult Corr. (24-659 - Unpublished)
North Carolina Industrial Commission, negligence, subpoenas, evidence credibility. |
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE LISTED PUBLISHED AND UNPUBLISHED OPINIONS, THE COURT ALSO CONSIDERED 39 PETITIONS AND 254 MOTIONS.
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Filed: 5 March 2025 Mandate: 25 March 2025 Zip File of Published Opinions Case Title / Description | |
In re C.A.D. (24-619 - Published)
termination of parental rights hearing; motion to continue; extraordinary circumstances; proper administration of justice | |
In re: D.E. (24-289 - Published)
parental visitation rights, minimum frequency of visitation, best interests | |
In re: D.R.W., Jr. (24-623 - Published)
termination of parental rights; findings of fact supported by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence; willful abandonment | |
In re: Godfrey (24-100 - Published)
non-judicial foreclosure, ratification, equitable arguments | |
In re: S.W. (24-737 - Published)
motion to dismiss, MTD, guardian ad litem, GAL, underlying juvenile case, subject matter jurisdiction, transfer venue, abeyance, prior pending action doctrine, continuing jurisdiction, exclusive jurisdiction, termination of parental rights, TPR, interlocutory appeal, de novo, abuse of discretion, Chapter 7B, Chapter 50, Rules of Civil Procedure, ends of justice, fair trial. | |
Jay v. Jay (24-145 - Published)
DVPO; N.C.G.S 50B-1, 50B-3; findings of fact. | |
Paradigm Park Holdings, LLC v. Global Growth Holdings, Inc. (24-482 - Published)
Summary judgment; contracts; waiver; unjust enrichment; breach of contract; implied waiver; commercial lease dispute. | |
State v. Fearns (23-650 - Published)
preservation, Rule 63, motion to dismiss, pre-accusation delay | |
State v. Griffin (24-156 - Published)
Jury selection; Juror; Alternate juror; Prospective juror; Empaneled; Venire; Panel; Jury pool; Statutory error; Prejudicial error; Challenge for cause; Statutory interpretation; Error per se; Structural error; Constitutional right; Fair and impartial jury; Unpreserved; Rule 2; Manifest injustice. | |
State v. Rojas (24-690 - Published)
Sentencing; mitigating factors; failure to find mitigating factor; mental or physical condition; N.C.G.S. 15A-1340.16. | |
State v. Ruffin (24-276 - Published)
Trafficking; plain error; identification of controlled substance; marijuana and hemp | |
State v. Watlington (23-1106 - Published)
first-degree felony murder; assault with a deadly weapon inflicting serious injury; jury instructions; voluntary manslaughter; rule of lenity; hit and run; N.C. Gen. Stat. 20-166; motion to dismiss; accessory after the fact; N.C. Gen. Stat. 14-7; fatal variance; ex mero motu | |
Ziegler v. Ziegler (24-536 - Published)
personal jurisdiction, sufficient minimum contacts, child custody, visitation, domestic violence, nonresident defendant, motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. | |
Ziegler v. Ziegler (24-539 - Published)
personal jurisdiction, sufficient minimum contacts, child custody, visitation, domestic violence, nonresident defendant, motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. | |
Unpublished Opinions 5 March 2025 - Rule 30e - Zip File of Unpublished Opinions Mandate: 25 March 2025 | |
In re: J.C.M. (24-269 - Unpublished)
continuing jurisdiction, permanency planning, visitation | |
In re: J.D.T.D., Z.H.D. (24-752 - Unpublished)
Termination of parental rights; relative placement; best interests of the children; abuse of discretion; Article 9 of the Juvenile Code; Article 11 of the Juvenile. | |
In re: M.B. (24-694 - Unpublished)
Jurisdiction over juvenile actions under N.C. Gen. Stat. 7B-200 and 7B-401(b); transfer to Chapter 50 civil action under N.C. Gen. Stat. 7B-911(c)(2) | |
In re: Ochsner (24-343 - Unpublished)
N.C.G.S. 132-1.4, criminal investigation disclosure, public records request | |
In re: W.G., J.G., H.G. (23-775 - Unpublished)
Subject Matter Jurisdiction; Standing; UCCJEA; Home State Jurisdiction; Exclusive Continuing Jurisdiction; Verification Requirement; Termination of Parental Rights; Dependency; Ineffective Assistance of Counsel. | |
Merritt v. S&S Mgmt. Grp., LLC (24-648 - Unpublished)
Attorney fees; N.C. Gen. Stat 6-21.5, 75-16.1, and 66-154(d); N.C. R. Civ. P. 11(a); findings to support reasonableness of amounts awarded | |
State v. Dalton (24-662 - Unpublished)
petition for writ of certiorari; sentencing; clerical error; plea agreement; no error | |
State v. Dunbar (24-747 - Unpublished)
felony fleeing to elude arrest; misdemeanor resisting, delaying, or obstructing a police officer; motion to dismiss; Rule 404(b); Rule 403; plain error; prior record level; jury instruction; pursuit; brightly-lit; flashlight; high beams; arrested judgment; preservation; failure to object; substantial evidence; abuse of discretion; indictment; aggravating factors; stipulation. | |
State v. Fair (24-385 - Unpublished)
Expert vouching; expert witness use of "disclose" and "victim"; ineffective assistance of counsel | |
State v. Morgan (24-575 - Unpublished)
guilty plea; due process; voluntarily and understandingly; direct consequences; sentencing; personal knowledge | |
State v. Smith (24-517 - Unpublished)
Anders brief; clerical error; prior record level calculation | |
State v. Wilson (24-885 - Unpublished)
sentencing error, calculation of prior convictions, N.C.G.S. § 15A-1340.21(b). |
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE LISTED PUBLISHED AND UNPUBLISHED OPINIONS, THE COURT ALSO CONSIDERED 39 PETITIONS AND 254 MOTIONS.
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Filed: 19 February 2025 Mandate: 11 March 2025 Zip File of Published Opinions Case Title / Description | |
Fish v. Stetina (23-1115 - Published)
Alienation of affection, criminal conversation, law-of-the-case doctrine, issue preclusion, claim preclusion, res judicata, voluntary dismissal, punitive damages, summary judgment, out-of-state conduct, preservation, directed verdict | |
Gardner v. Richmond Cty. (21-600-2 - Published)
(View Supreme Court Opinion) standing, motion to dismiss, declaratory judgment, special damages | |
Hansley v. Hansley (24-267 - Published)
petition to partition real property; lack of personal jurisdiction; failure to require proof of service of the summons and petition; abuse of discretion in denying Rule 60(b) motion; N.C. Gen. Stat. 1-75.10 and 1-75.11 | |
In re: G.B.G., R.J.W. (24-473 - Published)
Abuse, neglect, dependency; interlocutory; temporary disposition order; motion to strike brief of GAL; unsafe conditions; domestic violence; differing neglect adjudications; single petition for two minors | |
In re: K.J.P.W. (24-497 - Published)
Rule 17 guardian appointment, willful abandonment, termination of parental rights. | |
In re: X.I.F., J.R.F., C.D.F. (24-675 - Published)
termination of parental rights, willful abandonment, incarcerated respondent, neglect by abandonment | |
State v Reaves (24-663 - Published)
Motion to dismiss; sufficiency of evidence; with a deadly weapon inflicting serious injury; serious physical injury; no error; province of the jury. | |
State v. Belfield (24-640 - Published)
satellite-based monitoring; SBM; findings of fact; competent evidence; conclusion of law; legal accuracy; correct application; justify; conclusive; risk; assessment; Static-99; N.C.G.S. § 14-208.40B; additional evidence; additional findings; highest level; supervision; monitoring | |
State v. Curtis (24-204 - Published)
petition for writ of certiorari; sentencing; mitigating factor; stipulation; defendant's request for a different judge on remand | |
State v. Greenfield (23-597 - Published)
felony murder, jury instructions, double jeopardy, collateral estoppel, character evidence, closing arguments, opinion testimony | |
State v. Nanes (24-487 - Published)
Felony possession of a firearm; facial challenge; as-applied challenge; Second Amendment; constitutionality; first-degree murder | |
State v. Velasco (24-333 - Published)
First-degree forcible rape; First-degree forcible sexual offense; Sexual servitude of a child victim; Incest; Preserved Objections; Waiver; Plain Error; Flight; Jury Instructions; Aiding & Abetting; DNA Evidence; | |
Unpublished Opinions 19 February 2025 - Rule 30e - Zip File of Unpublished Opinions Mandate: 11 March 2025 | |
In re: A.W. (24-371 - Unpublished)
Juvenile; timely notice of appeal | |
In re: C.C.B., A.L.B. (24-870 - Unpublished)
Termination of parental rights; no-merit brief; independent review of the record | |
In re: J.D.S. (24-569 - Unpublished)
Termination of parental rights; cumulative error; grounds for termination; neglect; parental rights terminated as to another child; willful failure to make reasonable progress; proposed placement with relatives | |
In re: L.M.H. (24-656 - Unpublished)
termination of parental rights; willful abandonment; incarcerated parent; six-month determinative period; temporary child custody order | |
In re: R.S.M-M. (24-851 - Unpublished)
Termination of parental rights; no-merit brief; independent review of the record | |
Oxford Hous. Auth. v. Church (23-917 - Unpublished)
federally subsidized housing, lease termination, notice, and grievance procedures | |
State v. Barrett (24-597 - Unpublished)
prior conviction level; harmless error; misdemeanor assault; sentencing calculation; stipulation. | |
State v. Bell (24-511 - Unpublished)
plain error review; N.C. R. Evid. 404(b). | |
State v. Bliss (24-92) - [Withdrawn by order of the Court] | |
State v. Boles (24-542 - Unpublished)
Choice of Counsel; Structural Error; Driving While Impaired; Possession of Marijuana. | |
State v. Brewington (24-327 - Unpublished)
Revocation of probation; revocation of probation after probationary period; subject matter jurisdiction; good cause | |
State v. Carr (24-423 - Unpublished)
restitution; attorney fees; larceny. | |
State v. Curl (24-858 - Unpublished)
Anders, no-contest plea appeal (N.C.G.S. § 15A-1444), AWDWISI | |
State v. Davis (24-275 - Unpublished)
Right to counsel; waiver by conduct; N.C.G.S. § 15A-1242 ; plain error review; N.C. R. Evid. 701. | |
State v. Finger (24-495 - Unpublished)
probation revocation; no abuse of discretion; defrauding a drug test | |
State v. Grier (24-383 - Unpublished)
Motion to dismiss; sufficiency of evidence; intent to defraud; obtaining property by false pretense; financial card theft; no error; evidence at trial sufficient. | |
State v. Locklear (24-741 - Unpublished)
Anders; post-conviction DNA testing; no specific facts; no materiality | |
State v. Long (24-531 - Unpublished)
First-degree murder; defense of others; sufficient evidence; jury instructions | |
State v. Moore (24-585 - Unpublished)
Flee to Elude Arrest; Prior Convictions; Rule 404(b); Knowledge, Motive, Scheme,or Plan; Limiting Instructions; Possession of Controlled Substances; No showing of Prejudice; | |
State v. Noblitt (24-860 - Unpublished)
Anders; judgment revoking probation; post-conviction proceedings; no prejudicial error; no non-frivolous issues | |
State v. Pica (24-502 - Unpublished)
no plain error; opinion testimony; credibility and guilt; fundamental error; no prejudice; felonious possession; knowingly possessed | |
State v. Robertson (24-356 - Unpublished)
motion to suppress; findings of fact; competent evidence; de novo; Fourth Amendment; search warrant; reasonable cause; sufficient particularity; magistrate; practical; common-sense; reasonable inferences; deference; plain error; prejudice; reasonable probability | |
State v. Shipman (24-167 - Unpublished)
motion to suppress evidence, Fourth Amendment, Fifth Amendment, Seizure, custodial interrogation | |
State v. Washington (24-529 - Unpublished)
Abuse of discretion; no error; undisclosed witness; surprise witness; Smith standard; witness list; N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-903. | |
Sullivan v. Pender Cnty. (24-545 - Unpublished)
legal tender, Rule 60 motion, property taxes |
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE LISTED PUBLISHED AND UNPUBLISHED OPINIONS, THE COURT ALSO CONSIDERED 39 PETITIONS AND 254 MOTIONS.
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Filed: 5 February 2025 Mandate: 25 February 2025 Zip File of Published Opinions Case Title / Description | |
In re: D.E-E.Y., L.E.P., T.R.Y. (24-564 - Published)
right to counsel; termination of parental rights; motion to withdraw from representation; notice requirement; N.C. Gen. Stat. 7B-1101.1(a) | |
In re: N.R.R.N. (24-403 - Published)
neglected juvenile, abused juvenile, prior abuse and neglect, verbatim recitations of petition's allegations | |
In re: Z.A.N.L.W.C., K.E.N.S., J.J.A.W-S., H.O.J-W. (24-418 - Published)
termination of parental rights, jurisdiction, notice of appeal, proper party | |
Roy v. Martin (24-428 - Published)
Domestic violence protection order, no good cause, no continued legitimate fear, lack of competent evidence. | |
Se. Pub. Safety Grp., Inc. v. N.C. Dep't of Justice (24-191 - Published)
administrative law; de novo review; Company Police Act; jurisdiction; I-77 HOT Lanes Project; policing a public highway | |
State v. Boyd (24-36 - Published)
Right to a speedy trial; motion to dismiss; Barker factors; juror misconduct; jury instructions. | |
State v. Nobles (24-458 - Published)
juror misconduct; first-degree murder; impartial jury; abuse of discretion. | |
State v. Spry (24-129 - Published)
Common Law Robbery; Kidnapping of a Minor; Voluntariness of Plea; Post Release Supervision; Sex Offender Registration; Collateral consequences; Direct consequences; MAR; Factual hearing; Remand; | |
Unpublished Opinions 5 February 2025 - Rule 30e - Zip File of Unpublished Opinions Mandate: 25 February 2025 | |
Anderson v. WMCI Charlotte II, LLC (24-476 - Unpublished)
Residential lease; statute of limitations; personal injury | |
Cameron v. Newman (23-1120 - Unpublished)
Partition sale, Rule 59 motion; Rule 8 notice. | |
In re: A.R.B. (24-515 - Unpublished)
3.1; termination of parental rights; willful abandonment; best interest determination. | |
In re: I.G.J. (24-655 - Unpublished)
clear, cogent, and convincing evidence; findings of fact; binding; unchallenged; at least one ground; N.C.G.S. § 7B-1111(a)(1); neglect; neglected juvenile; prior adjudication; probability; likelihood; repetition; future neglect; case plan; sporadic; sustained | |
In re: J.L.W. (24-620 - Unpublished)
Termination of parental rights, disposition, weight of required NCGS 7B-1110 findings | |
In re: L.-A.S.N.-C. (24-622 - Unpublished)
No merit; termination of parental rights; neglected and dependent juvenile | |
In re: L.L.A. (24-560 - Unpublished)
termination of parental rights; willful abandonment; incarceration; findings of fact; best interests; ineffective assistance of counsel | |
In re: Z.C.H., K.D.A. (24-554 - Unpublished)
termination of parental rights, repetition of neglect, case plan | |
Peter Millar, LLC v. Shaw's Menswear, Inc. (24-370 - Unpublished)
waiver of venue; motion for summary judgment; attorneys' fees; interlocutory appeal | |
State v. Aguilar (24-457 - Unpublished)
Indecent Liberties; Sexual Offense with a Child; Motive for Cross Examination; Rule 404(b); Plain error; | |
State v. Clark (23-1156 - Unpublished)
search warrant, sufficient probable cause, affidavit discrepancies | |
State v. Davis (24-408 - Unpublished)
motion to suppress; preservation; invited error; ineffective assistance of counsel | |
State v. Gause (24-576 - Unpublished)
Anders briefs; post-conviction DNA testing; no materiality; no justiciable issue; wholly frivolous appeal | |
State v. Metcalf (24-415 - Unpublished)
Consecutive Probationary terms; N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1346 (2023); State conceded error; Remand | |
State v. Ward (24-574 - Unpublished)
Anders brief | |
State v. Webb (24-625 - Unpublished)
indecent liberties with a child, motion to dismiss, sufficient evidence, witness credibility. |
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE LISTED PUBLISHED AND UNPUBLISHED OPINIONS, THE COURT ALSO CONSIDERED 39 PETITIONS AND 254 MOTIONS.
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Filed: 15 January 2025 Mandate: 4 February 2025 Zip File of Published Opinions Case Title / Description | |
Higgins v. Mendoza (24-140 - Published)
gross negligence; summary judgment; N.C.G.S. 20-145; public official immunity | |
State v. Davenport (24-330 - Published)
First-degree murder; authentication; relevance | |
State v. Middleton (24-252 - Published)
intentional child abuse inflicting serious bodily injury; felony-murder rule; sufficiency of the evidence; "inherently incredible" witness testimony; plain error review | |
Warren v. Bonner (24-453 - Published)
jury voir dire; jury impanelment; civil litigation; peremptory challenge; judgment notwithstanding the verdicts; lack of jurisdiction; N.C. R. App. P. 3(d) | |
Unpublished Opinions 15 January 2025 - Rule 30e - Zip File of Unpublished Opinions Mandate: 4 February 2025 | |
Clark v. Clark (24-425 - Unpublished)
Premarital Agreement; Standard of proof | |
In re: B.F., I.F. (24-175 - Unpublished)
permanency planning order; juvenile's best interests; challenged findings of fact; propensity for violence assessment; conditions of the home; completed components of case plan; no abuse of discretion | |
In re: Myers (23-943 - Unpublished)
interlocutory appeal; motion for judicial recusal | |
In re: P.G. & K.S.G. (23-1039 - Unpublished)
N.C.G.S. § 7B-1111(a)(1); N.C.G.S. § 7B-1110(a); N.C.G.S. § 7B-601(a). | |
Myers v. Smoky Mountain Country Club Prop. Owners Ass'n, Inc. (23-854 - Unpublished)
interlocutory appeal; motion for judicial recusal | |
Smoky Mountain Country Club Prop. Owners Ass'n, Inc. v. Dungan (24-548 - Unpublished)
Legal Malpractice; Motion for Summary Judgment; Preservation of Issue on Appeal | |
State v. King (22-469-2 - Unpublished)
driving while impaired conviction; aggravating factors not found by a jury; reckless driving conviction; reconvening order. | |
United Sewing Mach. Sales, LLC v. Digital Cutting Servs., Inc. (24-86 - Unpublished)
Tortious interference with contract; covenants not to compete; directed verdict; hearsay evidence | |